20
20



CH  - C - COOH  +  CO   +     =   HOOC - CH  - C - COOH  +    +  H PO
  3                 2                        2                        3  4
      O                                           O


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^6




         R - CH - COOH  +  H O   =   R - CH - COOH  + NH
                           2                          3
             NH                          OH
               2


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^3



CH  - (CH )  - COOH  +    +  oSH   =
  3      2 n
                            =   CH  -(CH )  - C -So  +    +  H P O
                                  3     2 n                       4 2 7
                                              O


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^6



         COOH                        COOH
                                    
         C-O-PO H    +       =    C=O    +   
              3 2                   
         CH                          CH
           2                           3

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^2


         H                              H
        HCOH                O          HC - O - CO - R
                                      
         CHOH    +   oS - C - R   =   CHOH             + oSH
                                       
         CH OPO H                       CH OPO H
           2   3 2                        2   3 2

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^2


                                                      CH3
         CH3         CH3                              
                                       CH3          CH2
         C=O    +    CH2        =             +      
                                       COOH         C=O
         So        COOH                             
                                                      So

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^2

         H O P-O-CH                         H O P-O-CH
          2 3     2                         2 3     2
                 C  O                            C  O
             H/  H       \H                      H/ H     
             C            C      =               C          CH OH
            HO\  OH    H /OH                    HO\ OH     /  2
                 C  C                            C  C
                 H     OH                           H     OH

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^5

              HOCH                               H O P-O-CH
                 2                               2 3     2
                C  O                                  C  O
             H/ H       \H                            H/ H       \H
             C           C    +        =           C           C   + 
            HO\ OH    H /OH                          HO\ OH    H/ OH
                C  C                                  C  C
                H     OH                                 H     OH

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^2



            H   H          O                                   H        O
                        //                                          //
CH  - CH  - C = C - CH  - C           =       CH  - CH  - CH - C = C - C
  3     2             2    \                    3     2     2          \
                            So                                   H     So


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^5



CH  - CH  -CO -So  +  CO   +      =
  3     2                 2                COOH
                                           
                                 =   CH  - CH - CO -So  +    +  H PO
                                       3                              3  4


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^6




               COOH
               
         CH  - CH -CO -So      =      HOOC - CH  -CH  - CO - So
           3                                     2    2


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^5




             O                                     OH
                                                  
HOOC - CH  - C - CH   +  H    =    HOOC - CH  - CH - CH   +  
         2         3         2                 2          3


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^1




                      O                     O
                                           
         HOOC - CH  - C - CH     =    CH  - C - CH    +  CO
                  2         3           3         3        2


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^4




    O                                               O
                                                   
R - C -So  +  HO -     =    oSH  +  R - C - O - 



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^2
#6#     

 CH - SH                    CH - SO H
  2                         2    2
 CH - NH   +  O  >    CH - NH
       2      2                  2
 COOH                       COOH
                     


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^1

 COOH                             COOH
                                 
 CH                               CH
  2                               2
 CH      +  + H PO  >     CH     +  + HS-
  2              3  4             2
 CO                             COOH
 
 SKoA
-                     
    
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^6

 COOH                             COOH
                                 
 CH                               CH            +
  2    +       >        2    +      
 CO           2                 CH-OH
                                 
 CH                               CH
   3                                3
                  3-

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^1


    CH - CH - COOH                CH - CH - COOH
     2                           2   
  // \   NH        +  O  > // \   NH         +  H O
        2           2              2            2
  \\ /                          \\ /
                                  
                                  OH

          

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^1

 COOH                         COOH
                              
  CH - NH                      CH
        2       >           +   NH
  CH                          HC           3
   2                          
  COOH                         COOH   
                     


          

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^4


   COOH                                 COOH
                                       
   CH - OH    +        >     CH - OH    +    
                                       
   CH - OH                              CH - OPO H
     2                                    2     3 2

                              3-

          

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^2

